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Materiales y métodos: estudio caso-control. Se definió a los casos (184) como los pacientes que recibieron tratamiento con el esquema I alguna vez, egresaron como curados y volvieron a presentar otro episodio de tuberculosis BK positivo durante 1999.
Los controles (368) fueron los pacientes nuevos con tuberculosis BK positivo tratados en 1998 que no recayeron. Resultados: se asociaron significativamente a las recaídas el sexo masculino, la edad mayor de 50 años, el consumo de drogas, la residencia en un área urbana, el hacinamiento, la percepción errada de la enfermedad (PEE) y la desocupación, no así el contacto con un paciente tuberculoso. Luego del análisis multivariado, sólo se asociaron el área urbana, el hacinamiento, la PEE y el tratamiento irregular.
Conclusiones: la residencia en un área urbana, el hacinamiento, la PEE y la irregularidad en el tratamiento son factores asociados significativamente a recaídas en pacientes con TBC pulmonar BK(+) de Lima Este, Perú.
Palabras clave: Tuberculosis; Recurrencia; Factores de riesgo; Perú (fuente: BIREME).
SUMMARY
Objective: To identify the risk factors for recurrence in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis from East Lima, Perú during the period March-December 2000.
Materials and methods: This is a case-control study. Cases (184) were the patients who relapse in 1999 after they cured and had received a regular treatment. Controls (368) were the patients who received treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis in 1998 and cured. Results: The following factors were significantly associated with recurrences: male sex, age higher than 50 years, drug- dependence, crowding, residency in urban area, wrong perception of disease (PEE), irregular treatment and desocupation, but not contact with tuberculous patients. After the multivariate analysis, only residency in urban area, crowding, PEE and irregular treatment were associated with recurrences.
Conclusions: The risk factors associated with recurrences of tuberculosis in patients from East Lima - Peru were residency in urban areas, crowding, PEE and irregular treatment.
Key words: Tuberculosis; Recurrence; Risk factors; Peru (source:
BIREME).
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